Human history Essay

homosexual history has underg angiotensin-converting enzyme various revolutions, political, economic and nationalistic revolutions. Of important consideration too, is the psychological revolution that has made significant advances which helped to unravel the mysteries of clement behavior. This encompasses the scientific great power to understand how we behave and why. It is not surprising that various approaches had developed viz. the behavioral, cognitive, cross-cultural, hu spellistic, psychoanalytical, and psychobiological approaches.Although some would readily view each approach as conflicting, they mainly vary in focus and could be viewed and used as complimenting methods (Carunchio, C. The canvass of psychological science). However, for the purpose of this paper, discussion will deal only with the psychoanalytic approach. The psychoanalytic theory developed by Sigmund Freud had created a huge dissemble that went beyond the walls of scientific study.Although it has to a f ault garnered much criticism, it is still considered as unrivaled of the major contributors in the field of understanding human behavior and opened new ways of treating psychological problems (psychosomatic illnesses) which were remotely understood by front physicians. According to this perspective, behavior is the byproduct of instinctual and unconscious forces. The foreland is a discipline where these conflicting psychical forces struggle for supremacy and our behavior often represents a compromise between these forces (Major Themes and Assumptions of Psychoanalytic Theory).Major Assumptions entangle A. Mans behavior is fueled by a psychic energy which always looks for an outlet to be expressed. Common psychological furrow which involve feelings and thought processes is presumed to be triggered by the libido/sexual and death instincts. It believes that human behavior (normal or abnormal) is shaped and influenced by these inner forces of which man is unaware, existence repr essed into the unconscious depths of the mind, since primal expressions continually receive punishment.Hidden in the recesses of the mind, it becomes the very source of energy which continually strives for release. B. Topography of the psyche unconscious, pre-conscious, and conscious The mind is represented through the famous iceberg metaphor. The unconscious is represented at the baseline of an iceberg, confidential and comprising the largest region. At the middle is the pre-conscious. It flashes some of the hidden part of the unconscious to consciousness, just as a real iceberg is partly seen and partly submerged.Topmost, and also the smallest part, corresponds consciousness illustrating the little amount of human experiences that man is aware of. Painful and unacceptable information, of which the conscious part is unable to bear, is pushed experience to the unconscious. C. Structure of Mind Id, Ego and Superego It has a corresponding mental structure the Id, Ego and Supere go. Behavior is either motivated by any of the dynamics of these structures. Irrational behavior is influenced by the Id rational actions by the Ego, while moral measures by the Superego. D.Means of Resolving Psychic Conflicts Shape a mortals Personality A persons trait is resolute by how a person resolves these internal struggles. Onset of shaping starts from early childhood experiences. Unresolved stages would cause a person to be stuck at a certain psychosexual stage (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital). A person for example, fixated at the oral stage, will either exhibit to flip from one extreme of over-dependence or being highly independent (Freuds psychosexual Stages of suppuration). E. Psychic Determinism It assumes that nothing is accidental.Forgetting or remember something, slips of the tongue, or centre of dreams are seen as influenced by hidden causes (in the unconscious) which are only aspect for expressions. The goal of psychoanalysis is in reliving events or probing into hidden causes in order that conflicts will be resolved in the consciousness. F. abnegation Mechanisms An integral part of maintaining human functioning includes defense mechanisms. Unpleasant thoughts or events which prove too painful for the conscious to tolerate are rerouted to the unconscious by nub of defense mechanisms. G.Objective of Therapy is to Help Resolve psychological Problems Through Probing into the Unconscious The goal of therapy is to help a person resolve unconscious conflicts. These hidden conflicts are brought to the fore by means of free association, wherein a person says whatever came to mind and to let one association lead freely to another, regardless of whether it is logical or irrational. It also uses hypnosis to achieve its objective (R. Smith, I. Sarason, and B. Sarason. Psychodynamic Perspective The Forces Within).References1. Carunchio, Clotilde. The Study of Psychology.PowerPoint notification taken from http//www. unich. it/facolta/psico logia/matdid0607/carunchio/thestydyofpsychology. pdf 2. Major Themes and Assumptions of Psychoanalytic Theory. http//www. wilderdom. com/personality/L8-1MajorThemesAssumptionsPsychoanalytic. html. 3. Freuds Psychosexual Stages of Development Oral, anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital. http//www. wilderdom. com/personality/L8-5FreudPsychosexualStagesDevelopment. html 4. Smith, R. , Irwin and Barbara Sarason. Psychodynamic Perspective The Forces Within. Psychology Frontiers of Behavior. Harper and Row, Inc. 1986.