Mass Incarceration Nation The Failing Of The American...

Mass Incarceration Nation The Failing of the American Criminal Justice System Sophia Scales Ashford University Criminal Justice 201 Professor Ted Ellis November 17, 2014 American prison systems encompass all three spheres of criminal justice: law enforcement, judiciary, corrections. Within this system, a massive problem exists. America is known as the â€Å"mass incarceration nation† (Hamilton, 2014, p. 1271). Comparatively, the United States encompasses the majority of global prisoners, yet the population is nowhere near that proportion. Just how â€Å"free and equal† is this system? Since Gideon v. Wainwright, the racial divide in the criminal justice system has grown, which is contradictory to its intentions. The American criminal justice system has failed to provide the justice and protections it promises. There are many injustices caused by the mass incarceration of American citizens, especially those of minority descent. More harm is done by incarceration to the individual, their community, and the nation, than if other forms of justice were used. The criminal justice system is divided, with racial and income di sparities defining the nation in way never intended. The vast American criminal justice system can be divided into three separate branches or spheres. American incarceration begins in the branch of law enforcement. Law enforcement starts with mandates presented by Congress. Over incarceration began to rise in the 1980s with Congress creating the USShow MoreRelatedThe New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesJim Crow laws are regarded as part of the racial caste system that operated in the Southern and Border States in the years between 1877 and the mid-1960s. Under the series of the anti-black laws, African Americans were treated as inferior and second class citizens. The laws have been argued to have represented the legitimization of the anti-black racism in the US. The book The New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is written by Michelle Alexander and originally published byRead MoreThe Problem Of The War On Drugs1638 Words   |  7 Pages Many cities in America are facing sluggish economic recovery, stagnant or failing wages among the lowest-income earners and budget constraints for social welfare programs (1)resulting in more than 46.7 million people in poverty. Poverty in America, and the violence and crime that stems from it helps sustain the most prosperous and corrupt industry of them all, prisons. Most people assume the â€Å"War on Drugs† was launched in response to the crisis cause by crack-cocaine in inner city neighborhoodsRead MoreEssay on Criminal Rehabilitation in the United States Justice System1640 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat amount of violence during his or her incarceration. Professionals will tell you that incarceration really does very little to stop crime, but we go on spending billions of dollars in order to lock up more and more people. We have become the country with the highest incarceration rate in the industrialized world. (National Criminal Justice Commission) This quote from Dave Kelly shows many of the issues with the United State’s criminal justice system today. The prison population is increasingRead MoreThe African-American Male and the Criminal Justice System2725 Words   |  11 PagesAfrican American Male and Crime Justice System [Authors Name] [Institutions Name] African American Male and Crime Justice System Introduction The past quarter century has seen an enormous growth in the American incarceration rate. Importantly, some scholars have suggested that the rate of prison growth has little to do with the theme of crime itself, but it is the end result of particular U.S. policy choices. Clear (2007) posits that these policy choices have had well-defined implicationsRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Across The Country Essay2029 Words   |  9 PagesThe criminal justice system across the country is designed to punish and strive to rehabilitate those who have committed offenses against the law. Compared to some of the harshest regimes in the world, the United States has a harsh history of mass incarceration. American prisons maintain nearly 25 percent of the world’s prison population. Of the nearly 2.3 million incarcerated, 1 million are African Americans (NAACP). The poverty-stricken in America, especially those who are persons of color, faceRead MoreThe Failing Punitive System Of Today s S ociety1298 Words   |  6 Pages Julia Schulman Ms. Roberts English 10-7* February 17, 2017 The Failing Punitive System of Today’s Society As a society, prisoners terrify us. We are scared of the rigid box that we’ve forced them into through their portrayal in television, news, and other sources of media. The answer to this issue may lie in the punitive system of our country, that focuses on revenge instead of rehabilitation, and admits a recidivism rate of 76.6 percent. (Vera Institute of Technology, â€Å"The Price of Prisons†)Read MoreHow Has Socioeconomic Status Affected Our Country s Response Of The War On Education Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander How has socioeconomic status’ affected our country s response to the war on education. American Psychological Association. â€Å"Education and Socioeconomic Status† American Psychological Association: American Psychological Association, 2016, http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/education.aspx, September 19, 2016 According to the American Psychological Association, in a study of American kindergarten children, 36 percent of lower class parents read to their children on a daily basisRead MoreModern Society s Criminal Justice System3383 Words   |  14 PagesFear of crime, mass imprisonment, and the increasing drain of public resources are frequent issues in public and political discourse. The process and outcomes of justice are frequently expressed with frustration as societal wounds and conflicts deepen rather than contribute to healing or resolution. Western society’s criminal justice system methodology contains intrinsic limitations and failures. Nonetheless, it persists through the state’s use of manipulative forms of communication, molding publicRead MoreComparative Criminal Justice Systems : United States And Japan2455 Words   |  10 PagesComparative Criminal Justice Systems: United States and Japan Gabriel A. Alvear Florida International University Comparative Criminal Justice Systems: United States and Japan Most Americans know the key aspects of our criminal justice system, but fail to learn about criminal justice systems of other nations. However, it is important to learn about other country s criminal justice systems in order to effectively compare it to ours. It helps us realize the faults in our justice system, and fixRead MoreThe Political History Of The Usa1742 Words   |  7 Pagesthe biggest struggles to make the country open-minded towards the issues of race since the Civil War. For most Americans, present day America still remains segregated. Statistics have shown that the discrimination throughout history has been used in a direct behavior against African-American people. Discrimination is the overarching theme and factor in cases of education, the judicial system, and the media portrayal of the race. This paper will examine the continued discrimination exhibited in today’s

Addiction Lack Of Will Power Or Brain Disease - 1186 Words

Addiction: Lack of Will Power or Brain Disease? Demonika M. Martin PS101 Introduction to Psychology Park University . I. Introduction Addiction is a disease that continues to fester and destroy individual’s lives. Once an individual is under the influence of drugs they no longer have control over their actions. Drug user’s brains are hijacked and taken on an explosive ride that begins with pleasure and ends in the damage of their brain. â€Å"Drug use is on the rise in this country and 23.5 million Americans are addicted to alcohol and drugs. That’s approximately one in every 10 Americans over the age of 12 – roughly equal to the entire population of Texas†¦.† said Dr. Kima Joy Taylor, director of the Closing the Addiction Treatment Gap Initiative. Once a person is addicted to a drug or alcohol they will lose their willpower and become subject to the desire of needing that drug continuously. II. Counter Argument There are a selective few that may feel that addiction is a choice and not a brain disease. There are various possibilities that may lead to an individual voluntarily using drugs. It is very doubtful that it is due to brain disease but in fact to stimulate a craving that is not essential to sustaining life. Psychologist Marc Lewis argues; â€Å"The brain changes with addiction,† he writes. â€Å"But the way it changes has to do with learning and development — not disease.† In contrast to Mr. Lewis’s statement the National Institute on Drug Abuse defines addictionShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Too Much Sugar On The Body1197 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen linked to Type 2 Diabetes, obesity, cancer, heart disease, and many other illnesses (Fed Up). These illnesses do not come about by merely eating sugar one time, of course, but emerging studies continue to find that excessive amounts of sugar increase their risk factors significantly. Millions of Americans are overweight, and although this may be blamed on sheer laziness and a lack of will power, the true basis of this epidemic is an addiction to sugar. When a person takes a bite of a sugary foodRead MoreThe Long Lasting Effect of Alcohol on The Brain1208 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States, and many debate whether alcoholism is a disease or choice. Accordingly, based on scientific evidence, alcoholism is a disease because it has major long-term effects on the brain, it is an addiction, and it is treated medically. The first major reason alcoholism should be considered disease is the long-lasting effects it has on the brain. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently conducted a study that shows how the brain is affected after chronic alcohol use. They concludedRead MoreDrug History And Policy Changes1558 Words   |  7 Pagesare drug addicts are all criminals and we (the law) should throw them in jail† to â€Å"addiction is a disease.† Even the way that addicts/alcoholics are treated has changed to treatment centers with specialist versus throwing them in the hospital to detox and hoping for a change. Policies that are shifting the penalty from incarceration to treatment reflect these changes and help the individual suffering from the disease to get back on their feet. The war on drugs rings on, but changes are being made.Read MoreAlcoholism : Is Alcoholism A Disease?929 Words   |  4 Pagesbe treated as a disease. Such approach to defining alcoholism means denying that alcohol abusers own a choice. In consequence, the treatment related differs and may or may not actually help alcoholics recover. 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PresentlyRead MoreEssay on Burn the Fuse of Drug Abuse667 Words   |  3 Pages Addiction and abuse of drugs have remained an unexplainable circumstance, even till today. A mistaken assumption is that drug abusers lack moral principles, and if given a chance or in the presence of will power, their selections could be altered. In reality, drug addiction is known as a complex disease and requires more than will power or mere good intentions to change. Due to the fact that drug addiction could change the way the brain works, with time, the brain promotes compulsive drug abuseRead More The Etiology of Addiction Disease Model Essay examples1522 Words   |  7 PagesAddiction is like all behaviours â€Å"the business of the brain†. Addictions are compulsive physical and psychological needs from habit-forming sustenances like nicotine, alcohol, and drugs. Being occupied with or involved in such activities, leads a person who uses them again and again to become tolerant and dep endent eventually experiencing withdrawal. (Molintas, 2006). Addictive drugs cause dopamine neurons to release dopamine, the pleasure hormone. The narcotics disable the neurons that wouldRead MoreAlcohol And Its Effects On Alcohol1403 Words   |  6 Pagessocialization and combining food flavors with specific alcohols. Forgetting that too much can lead to many issues and problems like alcoholism, liver disease and contraindications with other medications. Alcohol was extremely detrimental to the native Americans of this land. Keywords: alcohol, tradition, addiction, indications, contraindications, liver disease, native Americans. Alcohol Abuse and its Indications Alcohol has been around for many centuries, involving tradition, religion, and social gatheringsRead MoreAddiction : Decision Or Disease Essay2021 Words   |  9 PagesAddiction: Decision or Disease According to The National Institute on Drug Abuse, â€Å"addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences to the addicted individual and to those around him or her† (Drug Facts, 2012). Codependency disorder and drug addiction often go hand in hand; they feed into each other’s obsessions and unhealthy behaviors. 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Anne Hathaway and Sonnet 130 are Two Love Sonnets, Comment on the Different Approaches of the Poets Essay Example For Students

Anne Hathaway and Sonnet 130 are Two Love Sonnets, Comment on the Different Approaches of the Poets Essay Anne Hathaway by Carol Ann Duffy is a love sonnet that describes a fond love. It is taken from the point of view of the famous play-writes wife, Anne Hathaway. It is a very passionate love sonnet although it doesnt take the traditional form of a conventional sonnet; it is more of a monologue. In fact there is only one rhyme, in the last couplet. Sonnet 130 is a poem written by William Shakespeare himself, this is an immediate connection to Anne Hathaway but there is a clear difference in the style and content of the two poems. Duffys approach is far more a romantically powerful and passionate, where as Shakespeare takes a rather unstereotypical approach to his feelings for his wife. In the first line of Anne Hathaway there is a clear passion and an instant reference to five of Shakespeares plays: A Midsummer Nights Dream, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet and The Tempest. The general feel of the first stanza is that of an enormous bond and earthly involvement in his love for Anne. Carol Ann Duffy mentions dramatic events such as shooting stars fell to earth as kisses. This is how many people would imagine a love poem written by Shakespeare to be, using strong, passionate words. The fact that kisses were mentioned brings an instant romantic theme into the poem. This approach of trying to recreate Shakespeares style is apparent throughout the poem. The way the words are emphasised suggests that there is a strong romance, an example of this is shooting starskisses all of which are keywords in the sentence. The next stanza has even more of an intimate theme as touch and physical contact is desperately. There is no hiding a higher level of intimacy and depth on these lips; my body Carol Ann Duffy then uses the word assonance as a metaphor for physical contact as she compares her body to his. She seems to aspire to be the perfect partner as she thinks of him writing about her in his plays, I dreamed hed writtenbeneath his writers hands In line 10 Duffy describes how all her senses are used in loving him, this is very powerful and romantic by touch, by scent, by taste the prominent drama really begins to show. An example of this is when Duffy compares the guests bed in which some one is dribbling their prose Where as in Shakespeares bed there is this deep and wonderful passion living, laughing love- she seems to feel that although she is not in the best bed she is in fact by far the superior because of the passion she shares in the second best bed. Also the alliteration here emphasises the strong love theme. The only rhyming couplet comes right in the last two lines of the poem and this stands out as not only is it the only rhyme but it brings in a totally different theme, that of death and it becomes clear that not only was there a strong passion whilst he was with her but even now a bond is held. This is in direct contrast with the picture painted of a very happy and enjoyable part of Anne Hathaways life but the poem comes across to the reader almost as a memorial not so much in sorrow but in celebration of the good times. William Shakespeare however uses a very different and almost surprising approach to his love for his wife. This is clear in his choice of first words My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d , .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .postImageUrl , .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d , .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d:hover , .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d:visited , .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d:active { border:0!important; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d:active , .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u192b14346a70cfb59ee7725790f91a5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Elements Of Poetry EssayThis is clearly not a compliment as such and most definitely is no comparison to the romantic words Duffy uses in her opening lines. In the lines that follow there is a discreet connection to Anne Hathaway where Shakespeare has also described the lips, her breasts, her hair and her cheeks. Duffy does this too but is a far more complimentary and romantic manner. It comes across that the poem is almost a degrading one; however the approach he is taken is one more of realism than the maybe exaggerated view of love in Duffys Anne Hathaway. As this would have been far too common in his time and he probably did many of his own highly romantic poems. There is however another suggestion of a more subtle compliment in that maybe his mistress has a natural beauty as she is compared to sun, choral, roses and snow. Each line describes a feature in a rather unflattering way but as the poem goes on we see why this is being done, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. Shakespeare feels that his love is very deep and very true but making clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ comparisons would degrade his mistress. This is a more subtle approach to showing the same love shown in Anne Hathaway. It is not entirely unromantic I love to hear her speak and the very idea that he has taken a different way of complimenting her so that she would remember it and be special is something romantic in itself. Both Carol Ann Duffy and Shakespeare show a great love for their partners it is clear that there are ways of expressing the same feeling in different ways. There are similarities in the description of the body and nature is prominent in both. But surprisingly Shakespeare is the one who uses the realistic, more true to life conception of love. Duffy adapts Shakespeares usual techniques and converts them into a poem from Anne Hathaways point of view. The language and drama are similar to that of Shakespeares plays. The language and comparisons made by Shakespeare may not seem all together loving but he is forgetting the conventional ideas of romancing through a poem and putting exactly what he sees and proclaiming that Anne Hathaway may not be perfect but he loves her for who she is and she is worth more than the dramatic exaggerations like Duffy used.

Tacit and Explicit Knowledge

Questions: Task 1. Describe the ways in which knowledge differs from data and information. Justify your answer with a relevant diagram. Task 2. Compare and contrast tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Task 3. Consider three decisions you have made today. (They could be simple such as, taking a turn while driving or even choosing a soda at a convenience store.) In each case determine the data, information, or knowledge that were involved in the decision? Answers: Task 1 Data Gathering the raw materials from all the sources in a non-sequence manner is called the data. This data can be anything and can be gathering from anywhere (Badia). Data are not gathering in the organized way and cannot be specific. They can be in any form and shape and are not alike to one another. Information The values are added to the non-sequence data and are grouping and converting into a meaningful format and then processing to form information. Information can be categorized and formed by condensed the data (Cuzzocrea). It can be similar to one another. Knowledge When the examination of the information are done and considered, then it is called knowledge. It is also called knowledge when the information is functional in an exacting situation. The information that are contextualized and better understanding can say as knowledge (Badia). Diagram Task 2 Explicit knowledge Explicit knowledge is the knowledge that is systematic and formal. Sharing and communication can become easy in this type of knowledge. It is easy to store and can kept in the documentation form (Burnett). This knowledge is alike to information and can be stored and also this can be evaluate, update, or discard. It can be shared in the form of data. This explicit knowledge can be found in the memos, databases, documents, scientific formula, specification and presentation report, information of finance, manuals and codes. Tacit knowledge Tacit knowledge cannot express easily. Tacit knowledge is very personal and formalize is not easy. The communication with the others becomes difficult in this type of knowledge. Some of the tacit knowledge can be captured and can make explicit but of the tacit knowledge cannot be captured. It is based on the personal experience and rooted in involvement, commitments, values, emotions and the ideas (Agassi). It is the knowledge that is kept in the mind and can be share only to the trusted person. If anyone is unable to communicate with the others, he will also unable to share this knowledge. This Tacit knowledge can be found in the personal experience, know-how, sense making and insights. Task 3 The three decisions that I have made today in my journey to the office are as follows: Decision Data Information Knowledge Taking a bus bus, ticket, money, bus stand, office and bus seat I took a bus and to go to the office. I go to the bus stand, got inside the bus, take a seat, give the money and take a ticket from the conductor and go to the office. Buy a biscuit Money, biscuit, shopkeeper and shop Purchase a biscuit for Tiffin Go to the shop, give the money to the shopkeeper and take the biscuit from him for my Tiffin. Wait for lift Lift, people, liftman, flat number and office Took a lift and arrived at the office. Go the lift, line for the lift behind many people, got into the lift and told the liftman the flat number and go to the office. References Agassi, J. 'Book Review: Tacit And Explicit Knowledge'. Philosophy of the Social Sciences 43.2 (2013): 275-279. Web. Badia, Antonio. 'Data, Information, Knowledge: An Information Science Analysis'. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 65.6 (2014): 1279-1287. Web. Burnett, Simon. 'Explicit To Tacit: The Role Of Explicit Knowledge In Technological Innovation'. Libri 62.2 (2012): n. pag. Web. Cuzzocrea, Alfredo. 'Data Warehousing And Knowledge Discovery From Sensors And Streams'. Knowl Inf Syst 28.3 (2011): 491-493. Web.